索引
A.Baumann(company),157 Abeokuta(state),116-118,139 Abidjan.1vory Coast,27,230 Abomey.Dahomey,139 Accra,Ghana,27,99,110,230 Achimota College,245,260 Adamawa,Cameroon,59 Adandozan,King of Dahomey,108 Afganistan,35 Africa fcudalism in,6,38,46-47,78,133 neo-colonial,27,260 as original home of man,4-5 African achievements,34-35 African agriculture,38,40,56,124,153-154,180,234 African ancestra1religions,35,253 African art,35,120-122,132,186 African barkcloth,42,62-63,124 African cloth,42-44,57,103-104,107,110,117,121-122,see also African barkcloth;African Kente cloth;African palm cloth African cultures,34-35,47 African dance,35 African economy,23,25,27,43,103-113 development of,41-43 African gold,57-59,66,77,83-84,99,109-110,112,152-153,191-192,207,212,218,see also Gold mining in Africa;Gold tradc African history,8,56,69-71,240 African 5ndependence,261,268,276-279 African Kente cloth,107 African!abor,23,93,149-158,160-163,165,261 African!anguages,249-251,256-257 African Mercantile,157 African military development,113-135 African nationalism,56,113,222 African palm cloth,42,111 African peasants,8,10,154-161 Affican political development,47,113-135 Affican potentia1,20,52 African religions,35,64 African resources,25,27,149,153,see also Natural resources African scholarship,70 African slave!abor,82-92 African slave uade,59-60,105-106,116-119 African slave traders,80-81,99-100,105-106 Affican societies,14,34,36-38,40-41,44,46,79,98,113-135,173,253 African technology,52,104,108,231 African trade external,23,66,86,104-105,192,230 internal,43,46,57,59,110-112,124,230 with Europe,23,101-113 [i]see also[/i] Trans-Saharan trade African trade goods,20,42-43,58,76-77,84,97,101,103-104,110-111,117,14l-142 African trade networks,109-113,124 African traders,58-59,144 African Trading Company,211 African wagelabor,149-163,165,261 African wealth,14,22-23,27 Afro-Portuguese middlemen,105 Age,grades,37,39,132-133 Age of Electricity,173,179 Age of Steam,179 Aggrey,J,E,K,263 Agricultural development in Africa,40-41,66 Agricultural economy,16 Agricultural education,251-252,264,269,270-271 Agriculturalists,18,45,47 Agriculturallabor,149,151,154,158,220 Agricultural laborers,49,220-221 Agricultural raw materials,1 57-1 59 Agriculture,16,18-19,44,99-100,219 in AfriCa,38,40,124,153-154,180,219,234 in China,5 in Europe,41 systems of,40 unscientific,18,251 Ahmadu,Ahmadu,133 Air bases,198 Aja states,120 Ajaye(state),116-118 Ajayi,J,Adc,70,146 Akan(state),37,58,109,112,119 Akhamme class,55 Akinjogbin,I,A,146 Akron,Ohio,193 Alafin of Oy0,115,120 Al-Azhar University,240 Albania,285 Alexandria,49 Algeria,17,54-55,225,272 colooialeducation in,244,266 during colonialism,15l,186,206,225,258 Algerianliberation movement,188,200 Algiers,Algeria,231 Allada,120 Alliance Frangaise,256,259 Alliance High School(Kenya),260 Almohad dynasty,54 Almoravid dynasty,54 Alpers,E.,146 Alps,247 Ama-Mthethwa clan,133 Ama-Ngoni clan,129,132 Amazons of Dahomey,121 Ama-Zulu clan,128-133 American CivilWar,87 American colonies,86-87 American Constitution,90 American economic development,87 American Indians,78,82-83,88-90,103,194,233 American investment,193-195 American plantation economy,82 American propaganda,26 American Revolutionary War,see American War of Independence American slave trade,86-87 American War of Independence,87,121 Amharic culture,50 Amharic dynasty,33,51 Amharic ruling class,50,68 Amin,Samir,29 Amsterdam,Holland,69-70,83 Ancestralbeliefs,35-36,253 Angola,45,80,99-100,109,111,114,144 during colonialism,1 86,19l,206,212,218 Angolan Diamond Company,170 Animalhusbandry,40Ankoli pastoralists,238 Ankole region,62,123,125-126 Anthropologists,European bourgeois,37,70 Antimony mining,55 Anti,Semitism,88-89,196,200,249 Antonio,Jose,249 Apartheid,20,26Aqueducts,49,66Arabia,48,139,143Arabiclanguage,249Arabic script,140 Arab rule of Egypt,48Arabs in Zanzibar,143,155 Arab slave trade,95,97,143 Arab traders,66-68 Aristocrats,6 Arms technology,108,175,see also Flrearms Army,French,187-188 Africans in the,144 Army,Japanese feudal,7 Aro traders,105 Art,African,35,120-122,186 Art historians,35 Artisans,5,9,51,62,231 Arusha Declaration,209 Aryans,63 Arzila,76 Asante(state),102,107,119,144,225, 227,235 Asantehene of,120,226 Asia,16-17communalism in,6,41 feudalism in,50,61,116 Asian businessman,155 Asian cloth,104 Asian modes of production,38 Asian Societies,14 Asian wealth,14 Askari,187 Assegai,130,132 Assimilados and Assimildes,247 Association of West African Merchants,170 Aswan Dam,108 Atavism,227 Atlantic islands,African slaves in,96 Atlantic slave trade,see European slave Trade Atlas mountains,247 Atomic bombs,179 Attucks,Crispus,89 Austria,50,181 Australia,17,35 Automobile industry,193 Awdaghast,57 Axim,11l Axum,Kingdom of,50 Ayandele,E,A,146 Ayyubid dynasty,49 Azhar University,49 Azikiwe,Nnamdl,280 Babito dynasty,122-123 Babito kingdom,122-125 Babu,A,M,283-288 Bachwezi people,62,122-125 Bachwezi states,68 Baganda people,42 Baga people,80 Bahima pastoralists,62,122-125 Bahinda pastoralists,122-123,125 Bahuta cultivators,125-126,128 Bairu cultivators,62 Balanta people,98 Bambuk goldfields,58 Banco di Napoli,163 Banco di Roma,163 Banco Ultramarino,161 Bandung Conference,277 Banking services,colonial,161-164 Bank of British West Africa,162-163 Bank of Indochina,162 Bank of West Africa,170 [i] Banque commerciale de l’Afrique[/i](BCA),162-163 [i] Banque de l’Afrique 0ccidentale[/i](BAO)162-163 Banque de Senegal,162 Bantu Education Act of 1953,250,270 Bantu,speaking people,65,67,222 Bantu speech,63,125,128 BAO,[i]see Banque de l’Afrique 0ccidentale[/i] Barclay,Alexander,85 Barclay,Davis,85 Barclays Bank,85,163-164,215 Barclays DCO,163 Barclays Dominion and Colonial,[i]see [/i]Barclays DCO Barkcloth,African,42,62-61,124 Barotseland(southern Zambia),101 Barter,dumb or silent,57-58 Barter system,43,124 Basutoland,238 Basuto people,238 Bathurst town,Gambia,243 Batutsj pastoralists,125-128,238 Batwa people,125-126,128 BCA,[i]see Banque Commerciale df l’Afrique[/i] Bechuanaland,163 Bead industry,43 Beecher report,265 Beira fort,Mozambique,144 Belgian colonia1education,244,250 Be1gian colonialism,153,167,172 Belgian Congo,1 79,see also Congo Belgium,138,153,181,186,212 Bemba people,36,98,239,246 Benda(measurement),58 Ben Bella,Ahmed,287 Benguela fort,Angola,144 Benin(state),68-70,80,102-101,109-l10,115,225 Benin,Oba of,80,121 Benin bronzes,35 Benin guilds,43 Benue River,60 Berbers,39,53-54,57,68 Beriberi,237 Berlin,Germany,186 Berlin Conference,144 Berna1,J,D,28 Bessemer process,177-178 Bevin,Ernest,213 Bible,21 BiU0,62 Bilad as Sudan(Land of the Blacks),56 Biological sciences,101 Biru,127 Black Scotsmen,248 Blantyre Mission,248 BNCl,162 Boahen,A,A.,146 Boer settlers,100,191,196,249 Bohemia,184 Bokassa,Colonel,276 Books,illuminated、50 Bordeaux,France,85,159 Boston,Massachusetts,87 Bourbons,46 Boure goldfields,58 Bourgeois economists,21 Bourgeoisie,7,10,39,51 Bourgois scholars,83,90,103 Bourgois scholarship,227 Bovill,E,W.,58 Bozo fishermen,33 Brain drain,18 Brass industry,43,47,52,55 Brazil,7,29,82,99,177 Brazzaville,1 53,278 Brevid,Governor General(French West Africa),257-258 British and French West Africa Bank,163 British Board of Trade,168 British capitalism,82,[i]see also[/i] European capitalism British Colonial Development and wclfafc(CD&W),197 British colonialeducation,245,248,251,267 British colonialism,149-173 British Colonial Office,241 British Cotton Growing Association,170 British East Africa,166,168,187,210 British education,257,259 British gold coin,84 British industry,84,86,104-106 British Isles,9,101,206,[i]see also [/i]England;Great Britain;United Kingdom British military,175,186-187 British Ministry of Food,170-171 British Parliament,19,168 British royal family,247 British Trade Union Council,276 British West Africa,156,163,170 British West Indies,82-83,86 Brong,37 Bronze industry,43 Bronzes,35,47,78,121 Brussels,218 Brooke Bond,159 Brutality,14 Buddhists,5,50 Bugabo United Schoolboys Association 266 Buganda kingdom,62,101,124-125,159,226-227,229 Buhan & Teyssere,155 Bunyoro(state),62-63,122,124 Bunyoro,Kitura(state),61-62,64,122-125 Bureaucrats,Chinese,5,7 Burma,38,50,228,276 Burns,Alan,272 Burundi,kingdom,123,125-126,128 Bushmen,67 Busia,Koff,246 Busoga,123 Byzantine empire,53 Cabral,Amilcar,230,273 Cadbury,John,170 Cadbury Brothers,159,168,170 Cairo,Egypt,49 Calabar,108 Calories per day,17 Cambridge University,183 Camels,57,59 Cameron(Governor of Tanganyika),248 Cameroon,17,59-60,187-188,280 Canada,16,181,190 Canary Islands,82 Cape Colony,163 Cape of Good Hope,76,82-83,97 Cape Lahou,111 Cape Province,88 Cape 7hree Points,111 ICapetians,69 Cape Verde,82,110-111 Capitalism,7,9-13,25-27,35,39,106,108,201,216-218 British,82 class relations of,10,39 development in Europe of,83-90 European,see European capitalism French,85 international,24,136 Japanese,106 military aspects of,173-180 socialevils of,135 [i] Capitalism and Slavery[/i](Williams),85 Capitalist class,8-10,20 Capitalist development,12,104-113 Capitalist economy,10,87,135-136,149,16l-164,193-195,199,208,287 Capitalist farmers,41 Capitalist imperialism,24,135 Capitalist investments,see Foreign investment Caravels,84 Caribbean,11 Carthage,53 Casely,Hayford,J,E,33 Cash,crop economy,25 1,263 Cash,crop farming,157-160,165-166,168-169,215,220,222,232,235,261 Castes,44,62,125-128 Castles,52Catholic church,50,196,244,249,256 Cattle,45,56-57,62-66 Cattleherding,46,132 Cattlemen,45,55 CD & W,see ColonialDevelopment and wc1fare Centra,181,185 Central Africa,187 Centra1 African Federation,268 CentralAfrican Republic,276 Central American silver,83 Cereal growing,40,51 Ceremonies,36 Ceuta,59,75,1lO Ceylon,41 CFAO,[i]see Compagnie Franqaise d’Afrique 0ccidentale[/i] CGT,[i]see[/i] Communist Union Chad,18,156,166,182,221 Chambers of Commerce,211 Changamire,134 Change,principle of quantiativc/qualitative,5-6 Charlemagne,129 Charles11,King of England,84 Chemica11ndustries,171Cheshire,England,156,184 Chilembwe,John,188-189,254,266 275 China,12,41,48,67,81,108,224,277 artisans in,5,9,122 development of,11 early man in,5 feudalism in,50 Mandafin,122 slavery in,38 Chinese bureaucrats,5,7 Chineseland distribution,9 Chinese society,5,9 Chinese technology,9 Chivalry,6 Cholera,l02 Chou En-lai,259 Christian churches,26,89,252-253 Christian education,[i]see[/i] Missionary education Christianity,35,50,64,252-253 in Ethiopia,50 in Nubia,51-52 Chunya,219 Churches,35,52 Christian,26,89,252-253 independent,254,266,275 Cincinnati,Ohio,183 Circassian invaders of Egypt,48 Circumcision,37,239 [i] Civilisados[/i],247 Clairemonte,F.,91 Clans,36-37,45-46,54,62 Clark,Grover,201 Class consciousness,8,68 Class contradiction,39,51 Classes,8,13,36,51 ruling,8,44,46-47 Class relations,46,118-119 of capitalism,10,39 of feudalism,10 Cloth African,[i]see[/i] African cloth African Kente,107 Asian,104 bark,42,62-63,124 Indian,103-104 palm,42,111 Cloth,making,42-104 Clyde River,235CoatsofmaiL 51 Cochrane,Vice Admiral(U,S,Navy),192-193 Cocoa,158-159,161,170-172,177,192,234,268 Cocoa Control Board,West African,168,170-17l “Cocoa hold-up”,168 Coflee,158,161 Colonialadministration,164-173 ColonialBank,163 Colonialbanking services,161-164 Colonia1 Development and welfare(CD & w),213-215 Colonialeducation,238-275 Algerian,244,266 Belgian,244,250 British,245,248,251,267 French,247,251,256-257,263 Portuguese,244,249 results of,261-275 Colonial governments,150-151 Colonialism,22,27,34,38,118-119,172,201,215,261 Belgian,153,167,172 British,149-173 development of,135-145 German,190 Portuguese,244-249 Socio-economic services under,205-223 Colonial period,26,79,89,101,103,113,149-173 Colonialtaxation,164-165,169,241- 242 ColoniesBritish,151,155 subjugation of the,26 Colonists,European,40 Committee on Nutrition in the Colonial Empire,237 Communalism,7,11-12,36-39,41-42,44-47,60 in Africa,36-39,4l-42,44-47,51,54-55,68,115 in Asia,6,41 in Europe,6,37 Communism,197 Communist Union(CGT),276 Comoro Islands,276 [i] Compagnie Générale du Maroc[/i],159 [i] Compagnie de Katanga,[/i]153 [i] Compagnie du Niger Franqais[/i],156 [i] Compagnie Franqaise d’Afrique 0ccidentale[/i](CFA0),155-156,158-159 [i] Compagnie Française de la Côte d’lvoire,[/i]156,211 [i] Compagnie Générale du Maroc[/i],159 Conference Lines,161,176 Confucian philosophers,5 Congo,16,99,114,167 colonia1education in,244-245,251 copper production in,20 during colonialism,153,167,172,179,181,191,195,227 independence of,278 [i] see[/i] [i]also[/i] Belgian Congo;KongoCongo Brazzaville,165-166Congo Free State,191 Congolese Force Publique,260 Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah,50 Conscription,62,144,186-189 Constantine,AIgeria,231 Constitution,American,90 Constituions,10 Contonou,280 Contradiction,principle of,261,276 Convention People’S Party,267 Cooperative societies,158 Copenhagen,Denmark,77 Copper,20,42-43,69,151,153,178 Copper exports,178-179 Copper mining,55,57,66 Coptics,5l Corvdelabor,46 Costa Rica,235 Cost of living,150-151 Cotton cloth African,[i]see[/i] African cloth Egyptian,139 Cotton cultivation,56-57,159-160,166 Cotton mills,155 Cotton Phcc Stabilization Fund,264 Cowry shells,43 Cox,Oliver,90 Craftsmen5nChina,9,122 inEurope,7 feudal,39 foreign,51 of the Maghreb,55 Credit LyonnaiS,162 Credit to Natives(Restriction)Ordinance of 1931,210 Creech,Jones,Arthur,172 Creoles of Sierra Leone,141,248 “Crown Land”,154 Cuba,78 Cuban slave plantations,79 Cultivators,39,45,48-49,55,60,62,64,125 Bahuta,125-126,128 Hausa,45 Kaffa,33 Mandinga,45 Culturalimperialism,34,69,238-261 Culture,34,47,52,117 Cultures,African,34-35,47 Currency Boards,see East African Currency Board;West African Currency Board Curtin,Philip D.,91 Czechoslovakia,18,23,108 Dahomey(state),19,36,39,81,99,102,l07-108,110,115,119-122,118,156,225,234,240,276 Amazons 0f,121 Dakar,Senegal,142,198,214,244 Dalgetty,Leslie & Anderson,157 Danee,African,35 Dar es Salaam,Tanganyika,157 Davidson,Basil,70,146 De Beers Consolidated Mines,152,163,171 De Brazza,140 De Castro,Josue,236 de Gaulle,General,188,278 Delagoa Bay,13 2Delamere(Lord),151,154 Delmas&Clastre,155-156 Democracy,Western,10,12,89,196 Dengel,Legna(Emperor of Ethiopia),107 Detroit,MiChigan,193 Developed nations,15-18,23,285 Developing nations,14,283-285 Development capitalist,12,104-113 economic,[i]see[/i] Economic development growth without,234 human,9,12-13 social,4,10,12,35,39,64,66,149 theory of,3-29,33,6l,68 Development Commission(Uganda),216 Diagne,Blaise,248 Dialectical evolution,34 Diamang(company),212 Diamonds,152-153,170,191-192,207,212,218 Dingizwago,132-133 Dioulas,58 Diseases,European,78 Division of labor,43-44,47,61-62,117,174,234 in Chinese society,5 internationa1,177-179,219,232 Diibouti,198 Dobb,Maurice,90 Dokpwe,36,39 Domino theory,277-278 Donatism,53 Du Bois,W,E,B,86,90,176,277 Duignan,Peter,281 Dumb barter,57-58 Durham University,141 Dutch East Indies,169,193,[i]see[/i] [i]also [/i]East Indies Dutch Reformcd church,196,253 Dutch trading companies,84 Dutch West Indian Company,82,111 Dravidians,63 Dutch gold coin,83 Eanhworks,62 East Africa,17,61-63,229 British,166,168,187,210 during colonialism,157,159,163,187,190,211 lndians in,155 role in European military of,187,200 slave trade from,97 [i] see also [/i] Interlacustrine Zone East African Currency Board,171,174,210 East African Estates Ltd.,154 East A~icanlake kingdoms,225 East African Syndicate,154 East African Trading Company,190 Eastern Interlacustrine States politico-military development of,122-125 Eastern Trading Company,211 East Germany,17 East,indies,190,[i]see also[/i] Dutch East Indies Eboue,Felix,188,267 Ecole NormalSuperieure Rue d’Ulm,259 Ecology,40,101 Economic Commission for Afhca,195 Economic Decade,Second,283 Economic dependence,25-26 Economic development,4,13,18,28, 100,118,283 in America,87 in England,82,85,101,105 in Europe,82-91,100-105 Economic equality,7,12 Economic exploitation,164-201 Economic satellites,25,76,114 Economies,16,18,22,24,43 Economists,21,82,283 Economy African,[i]see[/i] African economy agricultural,16 American plantation,82 capitalist,[i]see[/i] Capitalist economy industrial,16,18 intemational,18 Russian,11 Education,26,140 agricultural,251-252,264,269,270-271 British,257,259 Christian,[i]see[/i] Missionary education colonial,238-261 European,241,246-247 Koranic,240 missionary,249,252-253,268 Moslem,240,266 Pre-colonial,239-240 university,245 EducationaI pyramid,245,268 Egalitarian distribution,12 Egalitarianism,124 Egharevba,Jacob U.,146 Egypt,8,64,68,139,143,172,225,237 Circassianlnvaders of,48 development of,48-49 Egyptian art,35 Egyptian cotton cloth,139 Egyptian craftsmen,49 Egyptian fabrics,59 Egyptian merchants,49 Egyptian slavelabor,65 Elder Dempster Lines,162,170 Electricity,age of,173,179 Elizabeth I,Queen of England,8,247 El-Ksar,es,Seghir,76 Embakasi airport(Nairobi),210 Encyclopacdia Britannica,84 Energy resources,20 Eng~uka,63,65 Engels,Frederick,28,288 England,13,85-86,[i]see also [/i]British Islesh Great;Britain;United Kingdom English Navigation Laws,84 Enugu,150 Environment,4,21-22,36,40 Equality in distribution,38 economic,7,12 Equatorial AfriCa,237 Espie,I,70 Ethiopia,17,33,48,62,68,107,116,133,196,226 Christianity in,50,64,114 communalism in,51 feudalism in,50-51 Hamites of,125 monetary system of,43 roleln European military of,189 Ethiopian army,51Ethiopian art,35 Ethnic groups,47,60,65-66,79,125 Etienne,Eugdne,256 Eton,259 Europe agriculture in,41 communalism in,6,37 feudalism in,see Feudalism in Europe European agricultural plantations,8 European bourgeois anthropologists,37,70 European economists,82 European education,241,246-247 European capitalism,10-12,78,82-90,95,97,106,173-175,193,197,217,[i]see also[/i] Capitalism European capitalist economy,82-90 European colonia1rule,[i]see [/i]Colonialism European communalism,6,37 European craftsmen,7 European diseases,78 European economy,82-90 European economic development,82-91,100,105 European exports,76-77,79 European history,6,9,120 European industry,42,84,86,104-106 European knights,6 European manufacturers,159-160,180-185 European merchants,7,70,84,86 European Middle Ages,37 European nation,stateS,145 European peasant class,86,210 European scholars,96-97,101 European ships,44,76-78,84-85,137,[i]see also[/i] Slave ships European slavery,6-8,37 European slave trade,78-80,82-86,90,95-105,108,111,119,155,210-212,231 European slave traders,78-81,96,98 European technology,78,84,l03-108,118,179 European technological revolution,173-180 European trade,75-82,84-87,90,103-104,109-112,114,142 European trade goods,42,78-79,86,100,102,106-107,111,157,231 European trading companies,154-161 [i] Évolués,[/i]248 Evolution dialectial,34 internal,38-39,46 pattern of,41 Exchange system,international,76 Exploitation,14,21-22,26,33,38,49-50 Exports,European,76-77,79 Extended family,36-37,see also Clans Fabre & Frassinet,159 Fabrics African,[i]see[/i] African cloth Asian,104 Egyptian,59,139 Indiall,103-104 Factors of production,13,37,56 Factory system,41-42 Fagan,B,M,71 Faldmd River,57 FamiIv 36,44 Family communities,37-38 Family labor,55,62 Family ties,45 Famine,99,167,235-237 protein,17,237 Fanon,Frantz,26,230 Fante,37Fante Confederation,141 Farming cash,crop,[i]see[/i] Cash,crop farming irrigated,41 joint,36 mixed,40,66 regulated swamp,40 Farm labor,149,151,154,158 Farrell,James,192 FarrellLines,150,192 Fascism,34,196,200 Fatimid dynasty,49 FEANF,see Federation of Students of Black Africa Federation of the Rhodesias and Nyasaland,268 Federation of Students of Black Africa(FEANn,275 [i] Fellahin[/i],49,237 Ferry,Jules,223 Feudal craftsmen,39 Feudalism,6-7,10-l1,15-36,18-39,46 in Africa,6,38,46-47 in Asia,61,116 in China,9,50 in Egypt,48-49 in Ethiopia,50-51 in Europe,6-7,9-10,38,46,78,86,116,149-150 in Western Sudan,60-61 Feudallandlords,8,39,41,49 Fez,Morocco,59 F1DES,197,213-214 Fieldhouse,D,K,201 Financial Societies for the Development of Overseas Territories(sDOM),215 Firearms,77,8l,103,106,108,118,121,137,179,[i]see also[/i] Arms Technology Firestone,Harvey,193 Firestone Rubber Company,154,192-193 First World War,144,156,170 African roles in,187 Fishermen,33,39,45,56 Flag independence,279 Fodio,Uthman dan,133 Folk music,26 Foncin,Pierre,259 Forced Labor Convention,166 Ford,Henry,193 Foreign investment,22-25,136,152,210-211,284 American,193-195 Fourah Bay College,141,245,260 Four Year Plan(French),197 France,11,13,16,23-24,37,53,84-86,89-90,136,139,189,193,196-197,235 feudalism in,46 Vichy,188,196,200 Frank,A,Gunder,29 Freedom of the press,10 Free French,188,260 Frelimo,205 French Army,187 Africans in the,144 French Assembly,267 French capitalism,85 French colonialeducation,247,25l,256-257,263,[i]see also Alliance Franqaise[/i] French EquatorialAfrica,157,165-166,188,242 colonia1education in,267 [i] see also [/i] Central African Republic;Chad;Congo Brazzaville;Gabon French Ministry of Colonies,197 French Ministry of Education,197 French National Assembly,75 French North Africa,242 French Parliament,259 French Revolution,89,121,223,256 French slave plantations,84 French Sudan,157,166 French West Africa,156,163,170,242,263,277 colonialeducation in,242,257-258 French West Indies,86 Frescoes,52 Fry(English manufacturer),159 Fulani herdsmen,33,56 Furtado,Celso,29 Futa Dialon,57-59 Gabon,19,167,250 Gahindiro,Mwami of Rwanda,126-127 Gailey and Roberts,157 Galla pastoralists,33,238 Gambia,58,82,155,234,237,243 Gambia River,58,110,235 Gann,L,H.,281 Gao,59 Garvey,Marcus,277 Gasoline,49 Gathering societies,4 Gauls,37 Gaza,Mozambique,139 G,B,Ollivant(trading firm),182 Genoa,Italy,86 Geologists,66 Garibaldi,Giuseppe,275 German colonialism,190 German Democratic Republic,105 German East African Bank,164 German military,175,187 German West Africa Line,162 Germany,13,84-86,118-119,136, 168-169,181,189-190,193,196,200 Gezo,King of Dahomey,138 Ghana,16,37,56-59,61,108-109,153,159,206,246 colonialeducation in,242 independence of,268,277 Gill,Richard T.,28 Glasgow,Scotland,156 Glass industry,43 Glele,King of Dahomey,139 Gon,India,244 Godding,Mr.,172 Gold African,[i]see[/i] African gold Brazilian,99 see als0 Gold mining Gold Coast,77,82,99,276 colonialeducation in,243,263,267-268 during colonialism,151,158-159,168,172,177-178,182,208,234-235 trade,109-111,158-159,172 Gold Coast forts,144 Gold coins,77,83-84 Goldfields,58,207 Gold mining in Africa,57-58,66,99,152-154,207,[i]see also[/i] African gold in Central America,76,83 in South America,76,83 Gold trade,57-59,98-99,110-113 Gordon,General,140 Gordon College(Sudan),245,260 Gorde,142 Graduates General Congress,266 Gteat Britain,ll,13,136,139,168-169,186,189,193,196,235 military of,175,186-187 [i] see slso[/i] British Isles;England;United Kingdom Greater Antilleslslands,82 Great Zimbabwe,65,67 Greek scripts,58 Grogan,Colonel,165 Groton,259 Groups,3-4,9,13 Guadeloupe,French West Indies,247 Guatemala,235 Guevara,Chd,3,287 Guilds,42-43,240 Guinea,56,58-59,80,153,172 colonialeducation in,249 independence of,277-278 see also Portuguese Guinea;Republi cof Guinea Guinea,Bissau,79,98,206 Guinea coast,42,84 Guinea coin,84Gulf Oil,229 Gunboat policy,179 Gungunhana(Nguni ruler),139 Guptas of India,46 Haiti,247 Hafsid dynasty,54 Hailey(Lord),280 Hamburg,Germany,77,200 Hamites of Ethiopia,125 Handicraft industries,55,211 HannibaL129 Harlem,Holland,69 Harratine,55Harrow,259 Hausaland,42,58-59,133 Hausa cultivators,45 Hausa people,229 Hawkins,John 83,247 Health services,public,17,206-207 Hendon Police School,260 Herding,38 Herdsmen Fulani,33,56 Khoi Khoi,128 Herero people,200 Hindus,50 Hispaniola,78 Historians art,7 Soviet,261 History African,8,56,69-71,240 Chinese,9 conspiracy theories of,255 European,6,9,120 Hitler,Adolf,196,249 Hobsbawm,E,J,28,90 Ho Chi Minh,287 Hoe,culture,234 Hohezollerns,46,69 Holland,17,70,85-86,235 Holland West Africa Line,162 Holt,John,169 Holy Roman Empire,8,53,119 Home and Colonial,184 Horn of Africa,45 Houphouet,Boigny,279 Huberman,Leo,90 Human development,9,12-13 Human groups,9,13 Human organization,7,180 Human sacrifice,121 Human society,4,10,14,37 superstructure of,7 Hunter,gatherers,Khoisan,33 Hunters,45 Hunting,4,7,11 Hunton,W,Alpheus,149,201,277 Hu[Tax War,187 Hydraulic works,41 Hydrogenation,183 Hydrologists,66 Ibadan,116-118,207 Ibadan University,245 Iberia,54 1boland,225-226 Ibo people,47,229,262-263 Id(Vietnamese dynasty),69 Ife(state),115 bronzes,35,121 Oni of,121 Ijebu(state),116 Imperialism,12-14,24,25-28,190,201 development of,135-145 military aspects of,175 Income,15,19-20 Independence African,261,268,276-279 flag,279 Independent churches,254,266,275 Independent schools,265-266,271 India,41,50,63,67,136,139,160 slavery in,38 Indian cloth,103-104 Indian culture,63 Indian Ocean,67,76,82,196,211,230 Indians in Africa,155,216,244 American,78,82-83,88-90,103,194,233 Indian trade,104 Individualism,254-255 Indochina,37,48,188,276-277 Indonesia,67 Industrialists,7,193 IndustfialRevolution,85,90,179 Industry,16,18-19,42,44 automobile,193 brass,43,47,52,55 British,84,86,104-106 bronze,43chemical,173 Chinese,5 European,42,84,86,l04-106 handicraft,55,231 iron,43,177 Japanese,106 rubber,192-193 specialization of,42 steel,177 technologicalbase of,86 Inequality in distribution,5,39 Inequality in ownership,6 Infrastructure,206 Ingombe,llede,66 Initiation,34,239 1nitiation schools,239,270 Interlacustrine States,Eastern,122-125 Interlacustrine Zone,48,61-64,123 International Bank for Reconstruction,193 International exchange system,76 International1aw,77 International trade,15,75-82,111,114,164-173,[i]see also[/i] European trade Internationa1 Union of Students,275 Investment,23-25 American,193-195 foreign,22-25,136,152,210-211,284 Ireland,136 Iron,40,42-44,56 lron,age society,63 Iron industry,43,177,231 Iron mining,52,55Iron ore,153,177-1781ronworkers,42,44,47,52,63,132,231 Irrigation,41,61,63,66 Isandhlwana,battle of,129 Islam,35,53-55,59,64,114,133,242,249,266 Khatijite,54 Sunni,54 Italian Eritrea,198 Italian Renaissance,122 Italy,18,136,196 Ivory,76-77,84,106,112-113,132,153,186 Ivory Coast 17,58,103,111,234 colonia1education in,263,269 during colonialism,167,199,234 Izanusi(witchcraft diviners),131 Izimpi(Zulu army regiment),130-131 Jaia,137 Jal6e,Pierre,24,201 James,C,L,R.,89 Japan,11,20,22,24-25,50,106-107,116,168,177,190,193-194 African trade with,23 Japanese capitalism,106 Japanese feudalarmy,7 Japanese industry,106 Japanese military,175 Jenne,56,59 Jesus(ship),83 Jews,89,196,200,244,249 John Holt(company),156J ohn III,King of Portugal,107 John Walken&Co,Ltd.,156 Johnston,Henry,140,252 Jones,Alfred,170 Jordan,Winthrop,91 Jos,Hansen(company),157 “Juju”,231 Julius Caesar,129 Jurgens,181,184-185 Kabaka(of Buganda),124,159,226 Kaffa cultivators,33 Kalaha八Desert,33 Kamakuras of Japan,46 Kamina,198Kampala,Uganda,157 Kanem,Bornu empire,59-60 Kante clan,57 K,A,R.,187-189 Karagwe region,62-64,123,125 Katanga,Congo,153,208 Katanga copper,42-43 Katangese people,101 Kaunda,Kenneth,280 Kayamba,Martin,269 Kente cloth,107 Kenya,16,47,229 colonial education in,242-244,265-266,271,[i]see also[/i] Beecher report during colonialism,151,t54,157,161,164-165,167,206,210,229,233 Ketu(Yoruba state),240 Khaldun,Ibn,53 Kharijite Islam,54Kharijite revolt,54 Khoi Khoi herdsmen,128 Khoisan hunter,gatherers,33 Kieran,J,A.,70 Kigeri1V,Muami ofRwanda,126 Kikuyu Independent Schools Association,266,271 Kikuyu Kafinga Education Association,266,271 Kikuyu people,47,165,265 Kimambo,Isaria,146 Kimbangu,Simon,275 King’S Afrian Rifles,187,260 King,S College Budo(Uganda),260 Kinshasa,27 Kinship,36-37,45,228-229 Kipande pass,151 Kitchen(author),281 Knights,European,6 Komsomol,258 Kongo,42-43,80,100,107,133-134,[i]see also[/i] Congo Koranic education,240,242 Korea,11-12 Kraals,65,129,133 Kurunmi,116Kush(state),51-52 Kwango River,80 Kwashiorkor,236-237 Labor,19,24,36-37,41,52 African,23,93,96,149-158,160-165,261 African slave,82-92 under colonialism,149-158,160-163,165,261 corvée,46 division of,43-44,47,61-62,117,174,177-179,219,232,234 family、55,62 farm,149,15l,154,158 forced,165-167,170 military,117,127 mine,149-151 organization of,39,78 plantation,149 Labor mobilization,55,61 Labouret,Henl-i,70 Lagos,118 Lake AIbert,61 Lake Edward,61 Lake Geroge,61 Lake kingdoms,East African,61,225 Lake Victoria,61 Lamizana,Colonel,61 Lancashire,England,85,160,231 Land,13,36-37 Land distribution in China,9 Land grants,48,62 Landless class,49,60 Landlord class,8,36,51 Landlord/serf socia[relations,8,49 Landlords,feudal,8,39,41,49 Land of the Blacks,56 Land tenure,41,46,48,118 Latin America,16,83,160,176,180,194,201 Latin American history,27 Latin American wealth,14 Lead mining,55 League of Nations,188 Leather,44,49,55 Moroccan,42 Lebanese in West Africa,154-155 Lenin,176 Leopold II,King of Belgium,138,153,167,191 LeoX,Pope,107 Leprosy,238 Lesieur group,159 Lesotho,129,238 Leventis,216 Lever,William H.,180-181 Lever Bros.,181,183,185,211 Liberia,58,192-193 during colonialism,153-154,178,181,226,234 Liberty,Equality,Fraternity,89,223,275 Libya,196,198 Lifebuoy soap,181 Limpopo River,65 Lineages,37,45 Lipton Tea,185 Lisbon,Portugal,86 Liverpool,England,77,85,156,159,161,180 Livestock,40,45,51,56 Livingstone,David,140,221 Livingstonia(Malawi),248,260 “Living wage”,150 Lloyds,85,211 Lloyds Bank,162Loango,103 London,27,107,156,218,230,280 Lourenço Marques(fort),Mozambique,144 L’Ouveture,Toussaint,247 Lovedu of Transvaal,227 Lozi,225 Luanda(fort),Angola,144 Luba,Lunda states,134 Lugard(Lord),272 Lumumba,278,287 Luo people,122 Lupa goldfields,207 Lusaka,280 Lux soap,181 Lycde Gallieni(Madagascar),260 Lycde Louisle Grand,259 Lyons,France,231 Lyttleton,Oliver,172 Mac Fisheries,185 Machinery,41-42,104,106,135-136,231,234 Mclver,W,B.,181 Mackinnon and Mackenzie,156 Macmillan,Harold,259 Madagascar,134,188,225,274 colonia1education in,257 Merina kingdom of,134,140 Madhvani,15,216 Madja people,165 Maghreb,53-55,59,64,68,110,116 communalism in,55 Islam in,53-55 brasswork of,55 Mahdist Sudan,225 Mailo(Uganda),229 Maji Maji War,200 Makerere University,245,260 Makonde Ngoma,34 Malagasy people,134,140,257,274 Malawi,16,100 colonialeducation in,248 [i]see[/i] [i]aIso [/i]Nyasaland Malaya,171 Mali,4l,56-61,68,155,227 Malnutrition,236-238,[i]see also[/i] Famine Mameluk dynasty,48-49 Manchester,England,156 Mandinga cultivators,42,45,58 Mandinga Djola traders,110 Mandinga townsmen,33 Manganese,152-151,192 Manuell,King of Portugal,107 Manufacturers,European,159-160,180-185 Manuring,green,40 Manuscripts,iIluminated,50 Mao Tse-tung,287 Maoris,35 Marathas of lndia,46 Marco Polo,103 Market economics,24 Marketing Boards,[i]see[/i] Produce Marketing Boards Markets,protected,160 Marriage,14Marseilles,France,156,159 MarshallPlan,194-195 Martinique,West Indies,186 Marx,Karl,6,28,38,83,90,199,220 Marxism,28-29,261 Marxists,28,38,89-90,201 Masalpastoralists,238 Matabeleland,225 Matamba(state),80 Matrilinealsociety,36 Mau Mau people,210 Mau Mau War,271 Maurel & Prom,155 Maurel Brothers,155 Mauritania,54,56,103,110,155,264 Mauritius,97 Maury,Bishop,75 Mazzini,275 Means of production,6,123 Mecca,64,68 Medicine,35,206-207 Mediterranean Sea,53,59,76,101,196 Medresas,242 Memmi,Albert,224,229 Merina,~ngdom of Madagascar,134,140 Mereë(state),51-52 Mersey River,184 Metropoles,14,25-26,28-29,76,149,160,163,173,186,199,205,234 Metropolitan courttries,27-28 Mhina,j,E.,146 Michae1Cotts,157 Micro,UnitS,70 Middle Ages in Europe,37 Middle East,175 Middle Passage,96 Military African induction into colonial,144,186-189 imperialist aspects of,175 Military aspects of capitalism,173-180 Military coups,27 Military development,African,113-135 Military installations,198 Militarylabor,l17,127 Military oligarchy in Egypt,48 Military power,27,44,78 Military scientific research,175 Mill,John Stuart,82,177 Minelabor African,149-151 European,150 Minera1resources,20,178-179,[i]see also [/i]Raw materials Mines de Zellidja,195 Ming dynasty,46 Mining,45,57,66-67,152-153,167,178,180,191,207,210 antimony,55 copper,55,57,66 gold,[i]see[/i] Gold mining iron,52,55 Iead,55 salt,57 Ministry of Food,170-171 MiniStry of Overseas France,197,267 Minstrels,44Missionaries,114,138-139,143,229,252-254 Missionary education,249,252-253,268 Mitchell,P,E,272-273 Modes of production,7,11,36,38,55,69,195,197,201 Mohammed(Prophet of Islam),5,53 Mohammed AH,Duse,176 Mohammed Ali of Egypt,139,143 Mombasa,Kenya,157 Monasteries,52 Monetary systems,43 Money,19,44,66 Money economy,77,208-209,222,231-235 Moneylenders,55,155 Monks,240 Monoculture,234-235 Monomotapa Empire,65 Montejo,Estaban,79 Montgomery,General,189 Moors,45 Morgan,J,P,195 Moroccan leather,42 Morocco,16,48,54-55,57,103,159 airbases in,198 during colonialism,151 Sultan of,225 Moses,50 Moslem education,240,266 Moslem religion,[i]see[/i] IslamMoslems,37,50,52-53,100 Moslem societies,slavery in,38,55 MOSSi kingdom,57,59 “Mother country”,149,168,185,207 Moumini,Abdou,249,270,281 Mount Kenya,247 Mozambique,65-66,77,100,105,134,139 Beira(fort)in,144 during colonialism,163,186,191,206,226 Lourenqo Marques(fort)in,144 Mozambique Liberation Front(Frelimo),205 Mpororo(Ankole),126 Mulattos,80 Multiplier effects,108,184-185 Mussolini,Benito,249 Mutapa(state),64,67-68 [i] Muzhik[/i],49 Mwami,ruler of Rwanda,126 Mwene Mutapa,67 MY Lai,90 Nairobi,157,198,210 Namibia,200,218 Nana,137-138 Napoleon,129,247 Nasser,Gama1,277 Nata1,128-129 National & Grindlays,164 National Bank of Belgium,172 Nationa11ncome,15,19 Nationalism African,222 Moroccan,54 National Provincial Bank,163 Nation-states,47,55,125,222,232 European,145 Native Authority Ordinance,166 Native Credit Ordinance,155 NATO,[i]see[/i] North Atlantic Trcaty Organizatlon Natural environment,21-22 Natura11aws,8,288 Naturalresources,20,22-24,123,153,[i]see also[/i] Africab resources;Raw materials Nature,3-5,8,19 Nature of transition,55 Navigation laws,English,84 Nazis,89Needham,Joseph,28 Neo-colonialism,26-27,236,259-260 New England,86-87 New Oyo,116 New York,27,87,161,186,250 New Zealand,190,251 Ngoni languages,131 Ngoni people,221 Nguni peopie,134 Niger,18,56 Niger Company,181-182,184,21l Nigeria,41,47,56,99,109,115-116,137,229,276 colonialeducation in,242 during colonialism,150-151,153,156,158-159,167,169,206-207,227-228,232,234,242 Niger River,56,60,247 Nile River,5l-52,56,78 Nkrumah,Kwame,l08,159,193,201,267-268,280 Noblemen,Amharic,50,68 Nomads,39,60 Nonh Africa monetary system of,43 role in European military of,189 North America,17,20,22,34 African trade with,23 Nonh Atlantic Treaty Organization(NAT0),198 Northern Rhodesia,151,153 colonialeducation in,239,241 North Korea,224,285 Norway,24 N0S0C0,156 NSCA,156 Nubia,48,51-52 Nuclear power,173 Nuclear weapons,179,197 Nupe,43 Nurkse,Ragnar,28 Nyasaland(Malawi),187-189,206,254,268,275 Nyerere,Mwalimu,280,287 Nzigina,Queen of Matamba,80 O.A.U.,283 Oba of Benin、80,121 Obligations,36-37,117 Odinga,Oginga,280 Odonko,ba,119 Ogboni(religious cult),117 Ogot,B,A,70,146 0il,153 0ils and Fats Division of Ministry of Food,170 OjO,G,J,Afolabi,71 Ologun(warchiefs),117 Omar,Al Haj,133 Oni oflfe,121 Opiumwa,81 Oppenheimer,Hazy F.,171,176 0ral histories,62 Oran,232 Orthodox church,50 Overseas Development Corporation,215 Ownership,inequalities in,6 Oxfam,236-237 Oxford University,54,246 Oyo(state),68,102,115-116,118-120 Padmore,George,201,205,277 Palaces,65 Pan,Africanists,176,277 Pan,African movement,275,277 Panikkar,K,M,70 Papermaking,49 Paramount rulers,226 Pares,Richard,90 Paris,France,27,186,230,280 Parliament British,19,168 French,259 Parliaments,10 Partition of Africa,140,190-191,194,271 Pastoralists,33,39,45,54,57,60,62,126 Ankoli,238Bahima,62、122,125 Bahinda,122-123 Batutsi,125-128,238 Galia,33,238 Masai,238 Somali,238 [i] see also[/i] Shepherds Patriarchalclans,54 Patrilineal ties,36 Pearson Commission Report,285-286 Peasants,10,12,19,25,27 Nubian,52 European,86,218 Peasant revolts in Egypt,49 Pellagra,238 Per capita income,15,20 Perham,Margery,278 Pernambuco,Brazil,82 Persia,49 Peters,Carl,124,140 Pharaohs,48 Philips Exeter,259 Philippines,169 Philosophers,Buddhist,5 Plantation economies,97 Plantation economy,American,82 Plantationlabor,149 Plow,61 Pointe,Noire railway,166,209 Political development,African,47,113-135 Political independence,27,260-261,268,276-279 Politicalstructures,44 Polygamy,253 Ponty,William,257 Population,13,20,56,97-98 Affican,97-98 American,86 Asian,97 Japanese,98 Poro brotherhood,239 Port Sunlight,180 Porto-Novo,Dahomey,139 Portugal,82,85-86,136,138,186,191,196,200,212,235 Islamic conquest of,53 Portuguese colonial education,244,249 Portuguese colonialism,167-168,206,244 Portuguese Guinea,156,186,206 Portuguese traders,58,60,76-77,80,109-111,132 Postlethwayt,Malachi,75 Pottery,40,42,44,52,55 Poverty theory,viscious circle of,28 Pre-colonialepoch,103 Pre-feudal societies,35 Priests,240 Principle of contradiction,261,276 Principle of quantitative /qualitative change,5-6 Process of change,39 Procter & Gamble,183 Produce Marketing Boards in Africa, 168-171,264 Production,39,105-106 factors of,13,37,56 meansof,6,123Proletariat,39,276 Protein famine,17,237 Protestant churches,256 Prussia,50,116 Public health services,17,206-207 Puerto Rico,193 Puniabisln British military,187 Pygmies,33 Pyramids,52,65 Qualitative changes,5-6,42,135,137 Quantitative/qualitative change,principle of,5-6 Queen Mother,60,227 Queen Sister,227 Raccah,216 Racism anti-semetic,88-89,196,200,249 white,10,21,88,125,138,141,150,176,219,228,249,272,277 Railroads,166,209 Rainmakers,39,67 Rain,Queen,227 Ram Bros.,157 Rand Corporation,208,212 Ras(provincial priBeeS),51 Raw materials,136,156-157,159-160,171,173-175,177,181,191-193,197,218,[i]see[/i] [i]also[/i] Agricultural raw materials;NamraI resources Rcd Army,197 Red Sea,50 Religion,35-36,39,45,47,50,[i]see also [/i]Catholic Church;Christianity;Islam African,35,64 as an aspect of the Superstructure,35,114 Religious beliefs,126 Religious cults,117,121 Renaissance,Italian,122 Republic of Guinea,80,[i]see also[/i] Guinea Republic of sudan,56 Resources African,25,27,149,153 natural,20,22-24,123,153 Réunion,97 Reverse lend-lease,171 Revolts,slave,8 Revolution,8,114,199 French,89,121,223,256 sociaL 68 socialist,11,190 Revolutionary War,American,87,121 Revolutionary principles,13 Rhine River,247 Rhodes,Cecil,65,152,163,246 Rhodesia,65,163,165,233,[i]see also [/i]Northern Rhodesia;Southern Rhodesia Rhodesian Copper Belt Companies,153 Rickets,237 Rio Muni,249 Robertsfield Airfield,198 RockefeIier,John D.,Sr,255 Rodney,Walter,146,284,286 Roman Empire,Holy,8,53,119 Romanovs,46 Rome,ltaly,66,186 Rommel,Field Marshai,189 Rothschilds,195 Royalblood,45-46,227 Royal Commissions,213,229 ROZW5 clan,67-68 Rubber industry,192-191 Rucart,Marc,170 Rufisque,142 Rugby,259 Ru iugira,Mwami of Rwanda,126-127 Rulani cattlemen,45 Rulers paramount,226 traditional,226-227 Ruling classes,8,46-47 Runciman,Walter,168 Rumania,24Russia,11-13 Rwaabugiri,Mwami of Rwanda,126 Rwanda,123,125-128,240 Rwanda,Urundi,244 Sabi River,65 Sahara desert,34,45,55,57,59,61,77 role in European military of,189 trade routes in,43 St.Louis,142 St.Mark’S,259 Saint Matthew,21 St.Paul’s,259 Salazar,Antonio,196,200 Salt industry,43-44,57 Samuri,Japanese,6 Sandhurst Military Academy,260 Sandringham,247 São Tomé,82 Sarraut,Albert,257 Satellites,economic,25,76,114 Savannah country,56 Scandinavia,35,86,251 Schict(company),181,185 Scholars,bourgeois,83,90,103 Scholarship African,70 bourgois,227 Schools independent,265-266,271 initiation,239,270 self-help,265-266,271-272 Schweitzer,Albert,250 Science,10,194 biological,101 Scientific devices,Chinese,5 Scientific knowledge,40,78,173 Scientific research,174-175,221 military,175 SCKN,156,182 SCOA,[i]see[/i] société Commerciale Ouest Africaine Scott,Francis,154 Scramble for Africa,114,137-138,140,152,191,253,256 Sculpture,35,122 Scurvy,207,237 SDOM,[i]see[/i] FinancialSocieties for the Development of Overseas Territories Second World War,7,158,167,175,179,196,277 African Front of,189,196 African roles in,186-189 Asian Front of,186 Secret societies,44,47 Self-help schools,265-266,271-272 Senegal,54,56,59-60,77,100,155-156,234 colonialeducation in,244 role in European military of,188 SenegaI River,60,110 Senegambia,103,110 Senghor,Leopold,135 scrfs,6-8,36-37,39,60,117-118,123,132 Egyptian(fellahin),49,237 Russian(muzhik),49 Services,social,17,205-210,214 Seville,Spain,85-86Seychelles Islands,97,226 Shaka,128-133 Shambala people,98 Shambas,149,157,254 Shango(religious cult),117 Shell Oil 229 Shepherds,55,[i]see also[/i] Pastoralists Shinnie,Margaret,70 Ship of the Sahara(camel),57,59 Shipping,175,190 Shipping companies,161-164,168,176,190 Ships,slave,77,80-81,83,107,111,143 Shona,speaking dynasty,67 Siemens open,hearth system,177 Sierra Leone,17,42,58,77,110 African return to,143 colonia1education in,239,242,248,263 during colonialism,153,166,169,177-178,181,187,218 Creoles of,141,248 role in European military of,186 Sierra Leone Grammar School,Mfantsipim(Ghana),260 Sikhs in British military,187 Silent trade,57-58Silver,58,81 Simon,Henry,257 Sins of 0ur FotheFs,81 Slave aaisans,62 Slave Coast,8I-82 Slave colonies,West Indian,87 Slave1aborAfrican,82-92 Egyptian,65 Slavemaster/slave social relations,8 Slave mines,78 Slave plantations, Cuban,79 French,84 Slave raiding,59,98-100,105,116-117,119 Slave revolts,8Slavery,34,38,69 In China,38 in Europe,6-8,37 in lndia,38 in thelndian Ocean,89 in Moslem societies,38,55 in the United States,87-88 in the West Indies,86-87 Slaves,chattel,60 Slave ships,77,80-81,83,107,111,143 Slaves jn the Maghreb,55 Slave trade,97、113-114 within Africa,59-60,l05-106,116-119 Arab,95,97,143cessation of,137,141 East African,97 European,[i]see[/i] European slave trade Slave traders African,80-81,99-100,105-106 European,78-81,96,98 Sloan(author),181 Smallpox,78,97 Smith,Adam,13Smith Mackenzie(company),156,211 Soap,159,180-183 Social development,4,10,12,35,39,64,66,149 Socialformations,34,36,38-39,45,47,54,60,63,125,128 Socialism,7,11-13,24,197,224,226 in Asia,12 development of,35 in Eastern Europe,12 Socialist countries,15,23-24 Socialist revolution,11,190 Socia1relations,7-8,13,36,127,216,255 of capitalism,232,252-253 landlordlserf,8,49 of production,41 Socia1services,17,205-21O,214 Social stratification,44-46 Socia1violence in Africa,57,95,98-99 [i] Société Commerciale 0uest Africaine[/i](SCOA),155-156,158,190,211 [i] Société Génédrale[/i],153,163 Societies,33 Chinese,5 human,4,10,34,37 Society of Reformist Ulema,266,272 Sofala,66 Sokoto,Sultan of,226 Sokoto empire,133 Solomonic dynasty,50 Somaliland,196 Somali pastoralists,238 Somali Youth League,275 Songhai,56-57,59,6[,68,133 Sotho people,67,228,250 South Africa,16,20,26,88,152,200,246,276 colonialeducation in,250 during colonialism,163,167,19l-192,196,206,218,233,238 [i] see[/i] als0 Union of South Africa South American silver,83 Southern Rhodesia,134、277 during colonialism,15l-153,245 South Viemam,27 Soviet historians,261 Soviet Union,11,17,23,108,195-197,213,258,277 Spain,136,196,235 Islamic conquest of,53-54 Spanish Armada,247 Spanish Guinea,274,[i]see[/i] [i]also [/i]Guinea Spata,120 Specialization,13,42-41,47,61 Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd.,163-164 Standard ofliving,24,150-151,255 Stanley,H,M,140,221 State building,48-68,134 States nation,47,55,125,222,232 rise of,46 stratification of,44 Steam,age of,179 Steel industry,177 Sterling reserves,171 Stone building,63,65-66 Strait of Gibraltar,54 Subsistence economies,43 Sudan,139,172,234,266,274 independence of,276-277 role in European military of,187 [i] see[/i] [i]also [/i]French Sudan;Mahdist Sudan;Republic of Sudan Suez Canal,136,119 Sugar cane,82,86 Sugar refining,49,86 Sukumaland(Tanganyika),158 Sultan(Egypt),49 Sunlight soap,180 Sunni Islam,54,[i]see[/i] [i]also[/i] Islam Superstructure,9,35,134 capitalist,176 of Ethiopian Empire,50 political,60,64,124 religion as an aspect of the,35,114 Swahill people,105,111,256 Swaziland,129,225 Sweden,17,177,195 Swiss/rading Company,182 Switzerland,84,181,190 Syriansln West Africa,154-155 Szentes,Tamds,29 Tabora Secondary School(Tanzania),260 Taghaza(region),57 Tananarive,Madagascar,243 Tanganyika colonia1education in,243,247-248,256,269,271 during colonialism,151,153,157-158,164,167,200,207,218-219,233-234,237 role in European military of,187 T’ang dynasty,5,46 Tangier,Morocco,76 Tanzania,16,62,65,98,100,108,123-124 Taxation,colonial,164-165,169,241-242 Taxes,19,46,49,185,265,269-270 Technical training,246,251 Technological arrest,104-105 Technological base of industry,86 Technology,4,13,61,104,114,194 Africarl,52,104,108,231 arms,108,175 Chinese,9 development of,8,10,39,44,49 European,78,84,103-108,118,179 Transfer of,105-[08,140 Temple of Zimbabwe,64 Tenants,41,49 Ten Year Plans(British),214 Terracing,40,63,66 Territorialexpansion,57 Textile industry,49,55,161 Thompson,Thomas,142 Tigrean ruling class,50 Timbuktu,Mali,42,59 [i] Times[/i](London),141 Tlemcen,Algeria,59,231 Togo,99,110 role jn European military of,187 Tokugawas of Japan,46 Tomba(Baga leader),80 Tools,4-5,40-41 iron,40,43,56,61 stone,5,40 Toro region,62,122,125 Toure,Ahmed Sekou,95,276,280 Toure,Samori,133 Trade,22-25,43-44,67,70 African,[i]see[/i] African tradc Egyptian,49 European,[i]see[/i] European trade Indian,104 interuational,15,75-82,111,114,164-173 long-distance,45,57,59 pre-colonial,230 slave,[i]see[/i] Slave trade trans-Saharan,58-59,112 Trade goods African,[i]see[/i] African trade goods European,[i]see[/i] European trade goods Trade networks,109-113,124 Trade routes Indian,176 Sahara desert,43 Traders Arab,66-68 Dioulas,58 Portuguese,58,60,76-77,80,109-111,132 Trade union movement,276-277 Trade unions,150,276 Trade zone,free,191 Trading companies Dutch,84 European,154-161 Traditionalrulers,226-227 Tran(Vietnamese dynasty),69 Transfer of technology,105-108,140 Transfer of wealth,75 Trans,Saharan trade,58-59,112 Transvaal,Lovedu of,227 “Tribalism”,227-229 Trudo,Agaja,81,107 Tuareg people,45,60 Tuberculosis Commission of 1912,207 Tudors,46 Tunis,Bey of,225 Tunisia,18,54-55,140,225 colonial education in,244 Turkey,48,51 Turkish rule of Egypt,48 Tutslclan of Rwanda,126 Twentsche Bank,190 Twentsche Overseas Trading Co.,157 UAC,[i]see[/i] United Africa Company Ubuhake,127 Uganda,62,123,229 colonialeducation in,242-243,273 during colonialism,153,157,159-160,234 Mailoland settlement of,229 Uganda Legislative Council,264 Umkhonto,130 Underdeveloped countries,15-26 Underdevelopment,13-29,33,283-284,286 UNESCO,245 Unilever House,London,182 Unilever Ltd.,156,170,181-185,190,211 Unilever N,V.,182,185 Unon Minidre de Haute,Katanga,153 Unon of South Africa,152,167,181 Unted African Company(UAC), 155-159,162,168-170,181-182,211 Unted Kingdom,16-17,84,[i]see also [/i]British Isles;England;Great Britain Unted Nations,15,24,283 Economic Commission for Africa of,230 Survey of Economic Conditions in Africa by,20 Unted States,14,lL17,23-24,27,154,168,171,179,181,184-185,190-196,212-213 Unted States Steel Expo~Company,192 Unversities African,26,240,245,260 mefican,103 Briush,l03Islamic,242 Unversity College in Salisbury,245 Unversity education,245 Unversity of Fez,240 Unversity of Ghana,245 Unversity of Khaaoum,245 Unversity of Timbuktu,240 Upper Guinea,105,110-111,114 colonialeducation iB,256 Upper Senegal River,57Upper Volta,56-57,166,276 Uranium,152,197 Urban employment,149,159 Van der bergh(company),181,184-185 Vansina,Jan,146Vassals,49 Venda people,250 Vichy France,188,196,200 Vicious circle of poverty theory,28 Viet people,37 Vietnam,50,186,228 Vietnam campaign,188,276 Vietnamese dynasties,69 Vietnamese people,172 Vikings,35 Visram,216 Voice of Amefica,26 Volta River Dam(Ghana),108 Von Lettow,Colonel,200 Vy Vato society,274 Wage,living,150 Walata,59 Wanyamwezi people,105,112 Warboys,117 War chicfs,117 Ware,Opoku,107 Warriors,6,19,117,130-132 Watt,James,78 Wealth,19 African,14,22-23,27 production of,46 transfer of,75 [i] Wealth of Nations[/i](Smith),13 Weapons,41,51,77,81,103,106,108,118,121,130,132,137,179 Webster,J,B,146 West Africa,58,165,176,181,184,192,211 history of,143 Lebanese in,154-155 role in European military of,187-188 Syrians in,154-155 [i] see also[/i],British West Africa;French West Africa West African Cocoa Control Board,168,170-171 West African Currency Board,171,174,210 West African Frontier Force,186 West African Lines Conference,162 West Africarl Product Board,169 West African Regiment,187-188 Western democracy,1o,12,89,196 Western Nigeria,115 Western Sudan,33,48,55,59,6I,64,68,110,112,119,225 development of,56-6I feudalism in,60-61 West Germany,24 West Indian Regiment,186 West Indian slave colonies,87 West Indian slavery,89,253,255 West lndies,82-83,177 African return from,143 role in European military of,187 [i] see also[/i] British West Indies;French West Indies Westminster Bank,162 Wheeled vehicles,61 White racism,10,88,125,138,141,150,219,228,249,272,277 Whydah(Dahomey),99,120 Wigglesworth and Company,157 “Wild West”,87 William Ponty(Senegal),260 Williams,Eric,85,90 Winchester(public sch001),259 Windmills,49 Windsor Castle,247 Woddis,Jack,280 Women in colonial Africa,227 education of,251,266 in pre-colonial Africa,55,121,226-227 Workbee,39 Workers,10,12,19,25,27 Work team,36,39 World War I,[i]see[/i] First World War Worid War II,[i]see[/i] Second World War Worms et Compagnie,211 Xhosa people,228,250 Yaba College,245 Yam Festivals,117 Yao people,221 Yorubaland,68,103,116-118 Yoruba people,I15,120,225 Yoruba ofIfe,115-119 Young Comm Unsts,258 Zagwe dynasty,50 Zambesi River,65,247 Zambia16-17,37,100-101,108 Zambian copper,20,42 Zanzibar,97,143,155 Arabs jn,143,155 Zimbabwe,48,64-68,134 Zulu army,130-13I Zululand,130-113,240 Zulu people,228,250 Zwide,132-133 |